Liquid biopsy is a non-invasive medical test used in oncology to detect cancer cells or circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). It offers a less invasive alternative to traditional tissue biopsies, allowing for the continuous monitoring of tumor characteristics and treatment response. The analysis of these entities provides insights into tumor progression, staging, heterogeneity, gene mutations, and clonal evolution. Liquid biopsy is particularly useful for detecting early signs of cancer, guiding personalized treatment, and monitoring for therapeutic resistance.

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